To read a construction plan, you need to learn specific rules and practice them again and again to be perfect. These plans are the project blueprints that are the base for completing the project successfully. For beginners, it is very difficult to learn this type of language. But when you understand all the details of these plans. You will be confident in reading these technical drawings without errors.
The ability to read the plans shows the professionalism of any contractor or estimator. Professional companies providing Construction Blueprint Estimating Services have the perfect ability to read the plans. That is why they deliver flawless cost estimates for every project.
READ OUR ARTICLE TO UNDERSTAND THE INS AND OUTS OF CONSTRUCTION PLANS, ESPECIALLY IF YOU ARE A BEGINNER!
What Are Construction Plans?
Construction plans consist of various drawings that provide project information. It helps to understand the requirements of an architect. However, the blueprints also show:
- Building’s dimensions
- Construction materials
- Exact placement of all its components
These documents are so helpful for all AEC experts. They view them and understand the project requirements. This way, everybody remains on the same page without any confusion.
Understanding Construction Plans
1. Title Block
The title block looks rectangular. It is placed in the bottom-right corner of the page. It contains:
- Names of the client and architect,
- Site location
- Number of sheets and the
- Necessary permits.
2. Revision Block
Changes in the project are included in the revision block. It is located in the top right corner.
3. Grid lines
Grid lines help to pinpoint the specific areas on the drawings. They consist of letters and numbers. This makes it easy to direct readers to a specific location.
4. Symbol Key
There are standard symbol keys for specific types of projects. A reliable construction estimating company uses its own customized symbols.
- Scale and Orientation
A drawing scale indicates the difference between the size of the finished structure and the size of the drawing. Plus, a compass symbol establishes the orientation of the drawings.
6. Notes
Architects include general notes to provide additional data. The purpose of these notes is to clearly mention dimensions, methods, etc
7. The Main Drawing
The main part in the center of each blueprint shows the drawing or plan. This is where the construction details are shown visually.
Types of Construction Drawings
General Sheets (G)
General sheets are cover sheets. It includes the key to the abbreviations used. Plus, the scales and notes are also mentioned in these sheets.
Site Plans
Site plans are the visuals from the upper side of the building. This helps to showcase:
- boundaries
- building location
- driveways
- utilities
- grading
- landscaping
Architectural Sheets (A)
Architectural Sheets show the functional features of the projects. It is very important to decide on the final design of the structure. These include:
- Floor plans show the building’s layout. It shows the room arrangements, wall locations, doors, etc.
- Elevations show the outside part of the building. It shows what the building will look like from every side. From windows to minor architectural details, everything is shown.
- For reading construction plans, you must learn all of this important information. You also get information about the ceiling. It provides information about lighting fixtures, etc.
Structural Engineering Plans (S)
Structural Engineering Plans include the information about the building framing for foundations, roofs, and flooring.
MEP Drawings
Electrical, Mechanical, and Plumbing Components are also viewed in the drawings. Everything is included in the drawings, from panels, ductwork, to pipes.
Guide to Reading Construction Plans
Step 1: Start with the Cover Sheet
You need to start by reading a site plan. For that, review the cover sheet to understand the project needs. After that, use the plan index to see which types of drawings are included in the set.
Step 2: Study the keys carefully
Now study the keys to understand the symbols. If you understand all types of symbols, reading will become easier for you! Professional companies deliver accurate Construction Takeoff because they are well aware of all the standards.
Step 3: Scale
Project plans are not drawn to their actual size. They are set to fit the paper size. If anyone uses the incorrect scale, it will result in over- or under-ordering of materials due to the wrong sizes.
Common architectural scales include:
- 1/4″ = 1′-0″ (quarter-inch scale)
- 1/8″ = 1′-0″ (eighth-inch scale)
- 3/16″ = 1′-0″
- 1/2″ = 1′-0″ (for detailed drawings)
Step 4: Read All Notes
The next thing is to read all the notes that are included. It helps to focus on the specifications. The notes can be about:
- General notes applicable to the entire project
- Specific notes for particular drawings
- Material specifications
- Installation instructions
- Code compliance requirements
Step 5: Identify the Orientation
Locate the arrow on each drawing to understand the building’s orientation. This provides information about the building directions.
Step 6: Study the Floor Plans
Study floor plans because they provide an understanding of the building layout.
When reading floor plans:
- Identify room names and dimensions
- Note door swings and window placements
- Observe wall thicknesses (thicker lines often indicate exterior walls)
- Check for symbols
Conclusion
To read a construction plan, you have to properly invest your time and effort to understand every aspect of the project. This work is difficult and critical to handle. It requires accuracy, which can never be compromised. However, the ability to read blueprints helps you to understand the design to move on to the construction process.
